Uso Eficiente de Energia Elétrica no Setor de Iluminação Pública (IP) do Equador

Uso Eficiente de Energia Elétrica no Setor de Iluminação Pública (IP) do Equador.

Resumo em inglês.

Equador´s Public illumination (PI) is responsible for 7% of the total electric energy consumption of the Electric Sector: There are nearly 450,000 lamps installed, with an electric power demand of 90 MW and a consumption of 394 GWh/year of energy. Mercury lamps represent 72% of the consumption, sodium lamps represent 26% and the remaining is used by mix, incandescent and uorescent lamps. The expected saving of capacity with the retrotting of mercury and mix lamps is 66.1 MW. The greater saving is for the lamps HG-l 75W with 35.1 MW (53%) and the lamps HG-l25W with l8.7 MW (28%). This thesis propose to replace mercury vapor and mix lights by high pressure sodium lamps with the following power: HG-125W by NA-70W; HG-I75W by NA-100W; HG-250W by NA- 150W; HG-400W by NA-250W and MS-160W by NA-50W. If conventional technology is replaced by the efficient one (at this moment), dernand capacity of the PI system decrease to 64 MW (power conservation, 26 MW), energy consumption to 281 GWh/year (saved energy of 113 (GWh/year), that is a decrease of 29% for the power and electric systems requirements (electric system decrease in 2%). To change 370,000 mercury and mix lamps by the eicient lights needs US$ 47.7 millions (annualized US$ 8.4 millions/year). The Annualized Life-cycle Cost of the potential conservation of energy (mercury vapor lamps and mix lights) is US$ 32.6 millions/year. This replacement decrease by US$ 24.7 millions/year the electricity bill of the sector showing that Equador has economic gain. Besides that, the initial investment shows advantage on merit figures as the Cost Saved Energy for the alternatives of substitution of 13.2 US$/MWh, that is lower than the energy marginal cost of 83 US$/MWh. Identically the Cost Saved Power is 328 US$/kW that is lower than any other supply option. The recommendation is to distribute the replacement during three years carrying out the substitution of the conventional lamps as they extinguished obtaining a best advantage in the Internal Rate of Return of 46.7%. The substitution program (energy efficient use) produces a displacement of investments in the generation, transmission and distribution areas with a value of US$ 6.1 millions/year (this amount is similar to the displacement of installation of more system electric power at an initial cost US $ 33.9 millions). Saved power and energy represents an amount US$ 9.4 rnillions/year (US$ 6.1 millions by power and US$ 3.3 millions by energy). However the operation cost increases by US$ 1.5 millions/year, therefore the balance including costs and gains has a net positive balance of US$ 7.9 millions/year (present value represents US$ 44.6 millions).